Esther (אֶסְתֵּר)

1

That night, sleep deserted the king, and he ordered the book of records, the annals, to be brought; and it was read to the king.

Rashi’s Commentary

• The king’s sleep was disturbed. It was a miracle. And some [Rabbis] say that he took to heart that Esther had invited Haman; [thinking] perhaps she had set eyes upon him, and he [Haman] would assassinate him.
• To bring the book of archives. It is the custom of kings that when their sleep is disturbed, parables and tales are recounted before them until their sleep is restored. Our Rabbis, however, explained that since he took to heart [the matter of] Haman and Esther, he said [to himself], “It is impossible that someone who is my friend should not know their plan and divulge it to me.” He [thought] again and said [to himself], “Perhaps someone did me a favor, and I did not repay him and they do not care about me anymore.” Therefore, “he ordered to bring the book of archives.”

א׳

בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא נָדְדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיֹּאמֶר לְהָבִיא אֶת־סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים וַיִּהְיוּ נִקְרָאִים לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ׃

רש"י

• נָדְדָה שְׁנַת הַמֶּלֶךְ. נֵס הָיָה. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שָׂם אֶת לִבּוֹ עַל שֶׁזִּמְּנָה אֶסְתֵּר אֶת הָמָן שֶׁמָּא נָתְנָה עֵינֶיהָ בּוֹ וְיַהַרְגֵהוּ:
• לְהָבִיא אֶת סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת. דֶּרֶךְ הַמְּלָכִים, כְּשֶׁשְּׁנָתָן נוֹדֶדֶת, אוֹמְרִים לִפְנֵיהֶם מְשָׁלִים וְשִׂיחוֹת עַד שֶׁשְּׁנָתָם חוֹזֶרֶת עֲלֵיהֶם. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ: מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁנָּתַן לִבּוֹ עַל הָמָן וְאֶסְתֵּר, אָמַר: "אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יֵדַע אָדָם שֶׁהוּא אוֹהֲבִי עֲצָתָם, וִיגַלֶּה לִי". וְחָזַר וְאָמַר: "שֶׁמָּא עָשָׂה לִי אָדָם טוֹבָה וְלֹא גְמַלְתִּיו, וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין עוֹד לִי". לְפִיכָךְ, "וַיֹּאמֶר לְהָבִיא אֶת סֵפֶר הַזִּכְרֹנוֹת":

2

There it was found written that Mordecai had denounced Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king’s eunuchs who guarded the threshold, who had plotted to do away with King Ahasuerus.

ב׳

וַיִּמָּצֵא כָתוּב אֲשֶׁר הִגִּיד מׇרְדֳּכַי עַל־בִּגְתָנָא וָתֶרֶשׁ שְׁנֵי סָרִיסֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ מִשֹּׁמְרֵי הַסַּף אֲשֶׁר בִּקְשׁוּ לִשְׁלֹחַ יָד בַּמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ׃

3

“What honor or advancement has been conferred on Mordecai for this?” the king inquired. “Nothing at all has been done for him,” replied the king’s servants who were in attendance on him.

ג׳

וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ מַה־נַּעֲשָׂה יְקָר וּגְדוּלָּה לְמׇרְדֳּכַי עַל־זֶה וַיֹּאמְרוּ נַעֲרֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ מְשָׁרְתָיו לֹא־נַעֲשָׂה עִמּוֹ דָּבָר׃

4

“Who is in the court?” the king asked. For Haman had just entered the outer court of the royal palace, to speak to the king about having Mordecai impaled on the stake he had prepared for him.

ד׳

וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ מִי בֶחָצֵר וְהָמָן בָּא לַחֲצַר בֵּית־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַחִיצוֹנָה לֵאמֹר לַמֶּלֶךְ לִתְלוֹת אֶת־מׇרְדֳּכַי עַל־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִין לוֹ׃

5

“It is Haman standing in the court,” the king’s servants answered him. “Let him enter,” said the king.

ה׳

וַיֹּאמְרוּ נַעֲרֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵלָיו הִנֵּה הָמָן עֹמֵד בֶּחָצֵר וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ יָבוֹא׃

6

Haman entered, and the king asked him, “What should be done for a man whom the king desires to honor?” Haman said to himself, “Whom would the king desire to honor more than me?”

ו׳

וַיָּבוֹא הָמָן וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ מַה־לַּעֲשׂוֹת בָּאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָפֵץ בִּיקָרוֹ וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן בְּלִבּוֹ לְמִי יַחְפֹּץ הַמֶּלֶךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת יְקָר יוֹתֵר מִמֶּנִּי׃

7

So Haman said to the king, “For the man whom the king desires to honor,

ז׳

וַיֹּאמֶר הָמָן אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָפֵץ בִּיקָרוֹ׃

8

let royal garb which the king has worn be brought, and a horse on which the king has ridden and on whose head a royal diadem has been set;

ח׳

יָבִיאוּ לְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ־בּוֹ הַמֶּלֶךְ וְסוּס אֲשֶׁר רָכַב עָלָיו הַמֶּלֶךְ וַאֲשֶׁר נִתַּן כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת בְּרֹאשׁוֹ׃

9

and let the attire and the horse be put in the charge of one of the king’s noble courtiers. And let the man whom the king desires to honor be attired and paraded on the horse through the city square, while they proclaim before him: This is what is done for the man whom the king desires to honor!”

Rashi’s Commentary

• Let the robe and the horse be handed to a man. But he did not mention the crown, because he saw that the king became jealous when he said that they should place the crown on [another] person’s head.

ט׳

וְנָתוֹן הַלְּבוּשׁ וְהַסּוּס עַל־יַד־אִישׁ מִשָּׂרֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ הַפַּרְתְּמִים וְהִלְבִּישׁוּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָפֵץ בִּיקָרוֹ וְהִרְכִּיבֻהוּ עַל־הַסּוּס בִּרְחוֹב הָעִיר וְקָרְאוּ לְפָנָיו כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָפֵץ בִּיקָרוֹ׃

רש"י

• וְנָתוֹן הַלְּבוּשׁ וְהַסּוּס עַל יַד אִישׁ. וְאֶת הַכֶּתֶר לֹא הִזְכִּיר, שֶׁרָאָה עֵינוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ רָעָה עַל שֶׁאָמַר שֶׁיִּתְּנוּ הַכֶּתֶר בְּרֹאשׁ אָדָם:

10

“Quick, then!” said the king to Haman. “Get the garb and the horse, as you have said, and do this to Mordecai the Jew, who sits in the king’s gate. Omit nothing of all you have proposed.”

י׳

וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לְהָמָן מַהֵר קַח אֶת־הַלְּבוּשׁ וְאֶת־הַסּוּס כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ וַעֲשֵׂה־כֵן לְמׇרְדֳּכַי הַיְּהוּדִי הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּשַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אַל־תַּפֵּל דָּבָר מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ׃

11

So Haman took the garb and the horse and arrayed Mordecai and paraded him through the city square; and he proclaimed before him: This is what is done for the man whom the king desires to honor!

י״א

וַיִּקַּח הָמָן אֶת־הַלְּבוּשׁ וְאֶת־הַסּוּס וַיַּלְבֵּשׁ אֶת־מׇרְדֳּכָי וַיַּרְכִּיבֵהוּ בִּרְחוֹב הָעִיר וַיִּקְרָא לְפָנָיו כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הַמֶּלֶךְ חָפֵץ בִּיקָרוֹ׃

12

Then Mordecai returned to the king’s gate, while Haman hurried home, his head covered in mourning.

Rashi’s Commentary

• Mordechai then returned. To his sackcloth, and to his fasting.
• Grief stricken, his head covered [in shame]. Our Rabbis explained this matter in Maseches Megillah.

י״ב

וַיָּשׇׁב מׇרְדֳּכַי אֶל־שַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהָמָן נִדְחַף אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ אָבֵל וַחֲפוּי רֹאשׁ׃

רש"י

• וַיָּשָׁב מָרְדְּכַי. לְשַׂקּוֹ וּלְתַעֲנִיתוֹ:
• אָבֵל וַחֲפוּי רֹאשׁ. רַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּ הַדָּבָר בְּמַסֶּכֶת מְגִילָּה:

13

There Haman told his wife Zeresh and all his friends everything that had befallen him. His advisers and his wife Zeresh said to him, “If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of Jewish stock, you will not overcome him; you will fall before him to your ruin.”

Rashi’s Commentary

• Since you have begun to fall, etc. She said, “This nation has been compared to the stars and to the dust. When they descend, they descend to the dust, and when they ascend, they ascend up to the sky and the stars.”

י״ג

וַיְסַפֵּר הָמָן לְזֶרֶשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ וּלְכׇל־אֹהֲבָיו אֵת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר קָרָהוּ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ חֲכָמָיו וְזֶרֶשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ אִם מִזֶּרַע הַיְּהוּדִים מׇרְדֳּכַי אֲשֶׁר הַחִלּוֹתָ לִנְפֹּל לְפָנָיו לֹא־תוּכַל לוֹ כִּי־נָפוֹל תִּפּוֹל לְפָנָיו׃

רש"י

• אֲשֶׁר הַחִלּוֹתָ לִנְפֹּל וגו'. אָמְרָה: אֻמָּה זוּ נִמְשְׁלוּ לְכוֹכָבִים וּלְעָפָר. כְּשֶׁהֵם יוֹרְדִים יוֹרְדִים עַד לֶעָפָר, וּכְשֶׁהֵם עוֹלִים עוֹלִים עַד לָרָקִיעַ וְעַד הַכּוֹכָבִים:

14

While they were still speaking with him, the king’s eunuchs arrived and hurriedly brought Haman to the banquet which Esther had prepared.

י״ד

עוֹדָם מְדַבְּרִים עִמּוֹ וְסָרִיסֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ הִגִּיעוּ וַיַּבְהִלוּ לְהָבִיא אֶת־הָמָן אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּה אֲשֶׁר־עָשְׂתָה אֶסְתֵּר׃