5th portion
“Command Bnei Yisroel and say to them, ‘My offering, My food of My fires, a pleasing aroma to Me, you shall be vigilant to offer to Me at its prescribed time’.”
Rashi’s Commentary
- Command Bnei Yisroel. What is stated above? ”May God command. . .” The Holy One, Blessed is He, said to him, ‘Before you command Me concerning My children, command My children concerning Me.’ This is comparable to a princess who was passing from the world. She instructed her husband concerning her children, etc., as is stated in Sifri.
- My offering. This refers to the blood.
- My bread. This refers to the “emurin” parts, as it is said, “The kohein shall burn them on the altar, bread of the fire.”
- Of My fires. to be placed on the fires of My altar.
- You shall be vigilant. The kohanim, Levites and Bnei Yisroel shall stand over it. They learned from here, and instituted the “ma’amados” units.
- At its prescribed time. Every day is the time prescribed for the constant-offerings.
צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אֶת־קׇרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ׃
רש"י
- צו את בני ישראל. מָה אָמוּר לְמַעְלָה? יִפְקֹד ה', אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּבָּ"ה עַד שֶׁאַתָּה מְצַוֵּנִי עַל בָּנַי, צַוֵּה אֶת בָּנַי עָלַי, מָשָׁל לְבַת מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה נִפְטֶרֶת מִן הָעוֹלָם וְהָיְתָה מְפַקֶּדֶת בַּעְלָהּ עַל בָּנֶיהָ וְכוּ' כִּדְאִיתָא בְסִפְרֵי:
- קרבני. זֶה הַדָּם:
- לחמי. אֵלּוּ אֵמוּרִין, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ויקרא ג') "וְהִקְטִירָם הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה" (ספרי):
- לאשי. הַנִּתָּנִין לְאִשֵּׁי מִזְבְּחִי:
- תשמרו. שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם וְיִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמְדִין עַל גַּבָּיו, מִכָּאן לָמְדוּ וְתִקְּנוּ מַעֲמָדוֹת (תענית כ"ו):
- במועדו. בְּכָל יוֹם הוּא מוֹעֵד הַתְּמִידִים:
Say to them: “This is the fire-offering that you shall offer to Adonoy; yearling lambs without blemish, two each day, as a constant (daily) burnt-offering.
Rashi’s Commentary
- Say to them. This is an admonishment to the Bais Din.
- Two each day. Like the plain interpretation, but essentially, it teaches that they should be slaughtered towards the sun, the constant morning sacrifice to the west, and that of the afternoon to the east of the rings.
וְאָמַרְתָּ לָהֶם זֶה הָאִשֶּׁה אֲשֶׁר תַּקְרִיבוּ לַיהֹוָה כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה תְמִימִם שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם עֹלָה תָמִיד׃
רש"י
- ואמרת להם. אַזְהָרָה לְבֵית דִּין (ספרי):
- שנים ליום. כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ, וְעִקָּרוֹ בָא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נִשְׁחָטִין כְּנֶגֶד הַיּוֹם — תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר בַּמַּעֲרָב וְשֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם בְּמִזְרָחָן שֶׁל טַבָּעוֹת (ספרי; יומא ס"ב):
Offer one lamb in the morning and offer the second lamb in the afternoon.
Rashi’s Commentary
- One lamb. Although it is already stated in the parasha of “You shall command” — “this is what you shall offer,” — those instructions were for the days of inauguration, whereas here, the commandment is for all the generations.
[This is] a constant (daily) burnt-offering as offered on Mount Sinai, for a pleasing aroma, a fire-offering to Adonoy.
Rashi’s Commentary
- As offered on Mount Sinai. Like those which were done during the days of inauguration. Another interpretation [of] which was done at Mount Sinai: The constant burnt-offering is compared to the burnt-offering at Mount Sinai — the one brought before the giving of the Torah — of which Scripture states “. . .and [he] placed it in the basins.” This teaches that it (the constant-offering) requires a vessel.
עֹלַת תָּמִיד הָעֲשֻׂיָה בְּהַר סִינַי לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ אִשֶּׁה לַיהֹוָה׃
רש"י
- העשיה בהר סיני. כְּאוֹתָן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בִּימֵי הַמִּלּוּאִים; דָּ"אַ — העשיה בהר סיני, הִקִּישׁ עוֹלַת תָּמִיד לְעוֹלַת הַר סִינַי — אוֹתָהּ שֶׁנִּתְקָרְבָה לִפְנֵי מַתַּן תּוֹרָה — שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ (שם כ"ד) "וַיָּשֶֹם בָּאֲגָנֹת", מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנָה כְּלִי (ספרי):
Its libation [shall be] one fourth of a hin for the one lamb, in the Holy [Sanctuary], you shall pour an intoxicating libation to Adonoy.
Rashi’s Commentary
- Its libation. Wine.
- In the Holy [Sanctuary], you shall pour. They shall be poured on the altar.
- An intoxicating libation. Intoxicating wine. This excludes wine, fresh from the wine press.
This is the burnt-offering on its Shabbos, in addition to the constant (daily) burnt-offering and its libation.
Rashi’s Commentary
- This is the burnt-offering on its Shabbos. But not one Shabbos burnt-offering on another Shabbos. Suppose it was not offered on this Shabbos, I might think that two should be offered on the following Shabbos. The Torah therefore teaches “on its Shabbos.” This informs us that once its day has passed, the offering expires.
- In addition to the constant (daily) burnt-offering. This refers to the musaf sacrifices, aside from the two constant burnt-offering lambs. This teaches that they (the musaf sacrifices) may be brought only between the two constant-offerings. Similarly, concerning all the musaf sacrifices it is said, “in addition to the constant burnt-offering,” for this teaching.
עֹלַת שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וְנִסְכָּהּ׃ {פ}
רש"י
- עלת שבת בשבתו. וְלֹא עוֹלַת שַׁבָּת זוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי שֶׁלֹּא הִקְרִיב בְּשַׁבָּת זוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי יַקְרִיב שְׁתַּיִם לַשַּׁבָּת הַבָּאָה, תַּ"ל "בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ", מַגִּיד שֶׁאִם עָבַר יוֹמוֹ בָּטֵל קָרְבָּנוֹ (ספרי):
- על עלת התמיד. אֵלּוּ מוּסָפִין, לְבַד אוֹתָן שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים שֶׁל עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד, וּמַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין קְרֵבִין אֶלָּא בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַתְּמִידִין, וְכֵן בְּכָל הַמּוּסָפִין נֶאֱמַר עַל עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד לְתַלְמוּד זֶה:
And three tenths [of an eiphah] of fine flour as a meal-offering mixed with the [olive] oil for each bull, two tenths [of an eiphah] of fine flour as a meal-offering, mixed with the [olive] oil for the one ram,
Rashi’s Commentary
- Three tenths [of an eiphah]. As specified for the libations of a bull, designated as such in the chapter of the libations.
Their libations [shall be], one half of a hin for (a) bull, one third of a hin for the ram, and one fourth of a hin for (the) lamb, of wine. This is the burnt-offering of each [Rosh] Chodesh, at its renewal throughout the months of the year.
Rashi’s Commentary
- This is the burnt-offering of each [Rosh] Chodesh, at its renewal. But once its designated day has passed, the offering expires, with no provision for restitution.
And [You shall also bring] one he-goat for a sin offering to Adonoy, in addition to the constant (daily) burnt-offering it shall be done, and its libation.
Rashi’s Commentary
- And one he-goat, etc. All the musaf goats came in atonement for the ritual defilement of the Sanctuary and its sacred objects, everything as explained in Tractate Shevuos. There is a distinction with the New Moon goat, for it is said, concerning it, “. . .to God.” This teaches you that it atones for someone who was not cognizant either at the beginning or the end, as no one recognizes the transgression save for the Holy One, Blessed is He, alone. The other goats are derived from this one. This is also expounded aggadically [as follows]: The Holy One, Blessed is He, said: ‘Bring atonement for Me, because I diminished the moon.’
- In addition to the constant (daily) burnt-offering, it shall be done. This entire offering.
- And its libation. ”Its libation” does not relate to the goat, as a sin-offering has no libation.
וּשְׂעִיר עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּאת לַיהֹוָה עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד יֵעָשֶׂה וְנִסְכּוֹ׃ {ס}
רש"י
- ושעיר עזים וגו'. כָּל שְׂעִירֵי הַמּוּסָפִין בָּאִין לְכַפֵּר עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו, הַכֹּל כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בְּמַסֶּכֶת שְׁבוּעוֹת (דף ט'), וְנִשְׁתַּנָּה שְׂעִיר רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ "לַה'"; לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמְּכַפֵּר עַל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ יְדִיעָה לֹא בַתְּחִלָּה וְלֹא בַסּוֹף — שֶׁאֵין מַכִּיר בַּחֵטְא אֶלָּא הַקָּבָּ"ה בִלְבָד, וּשְׁאָר הַשְּׂעִירִים לְמֵדִין מִמֶּנוּ; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ בָּאַגָּדָה, אָמַר הַקָּבָּ"ה הָבִיאוּ כַפָּרָה עָלַי עַל שֶׁמִּעַטְתִּי אֶת הַיָּרֵחַ (חולין ס'):
- על עלת התמיד יעשה. כָּל הַקָּרְבָּן הַזֶּה:
- ונסכו. אֵין "וְנִסְכּוֹ" מוּסָב עַל הַשָּׂעִיר, שֶׁאֵין נְסָכִים לְחַטָּאת:
6th portion
You shall bring a burnt fire-offering to Adonoy [consisting of] two young bulls, one ram, and seven yearling sheep. They shall [all] be without blemish.
Rashi’s Commentary
- Bulls. Corresponding with Avraham, as it is said, “Avraham ran to the cattle.”
- Ram. Corresponding with the ram of Yitzchok.
- Sheep. Corresponding with Yaakov, as it is said, “Yaakov separated the lambs.” I saw this in R’ Moshe Hadarshan’s commentary.
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה עֹלָה לַיהֹוָה פָּרִים בְּנֵי־בָקָר שְׁנַיִם וְאַיִל אֶחָד וְשִׁבְעָה כְבָשִׂים בְּנֵי שָׁנָה תְּמִימִם יִהְיוּ לָכֶם׃
רש"י
- פרים. כְּנֶגֶד אַבְרָהָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם" (בראשית י"ח):
- אילים. כְּנֶגֶד אֵילוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק:
- כבשים. כְּנֶגֶד יַעֲקֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַכְּשָׂבִים הִפְרִיד יַעֲקֹב" (שם ל'); בִּיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן רָאִיתִי זֹאת:
Like these, you shall make daily for seven days, food as a fire-offering of a pleasing aroma to Adonoy, (it shall be offered) in addition to the constant (daily) burnt-offering and its libation.
Rashi’s Commentary
- Like these, yoshall make daily. They should not be progressively decreasing like the oxen of the [Succos] festival.
On the day of the first fruits when you bring a new meal-offering to Adonoy on your Festival of Weeks, there shall be a sacred holiday to you when you shall not do any work of consequence.
Rashi’s Commentary
- On the day of the first fruits. The Shavuos festival is called “[The festival of] the first fruits of the wheat harvest,” because of the offering of the two loaves, which are the first of the wheat minchah-offerings to come from the new crop.
וּבְיוֹם הַבִּכּוּרִים בְּהַקְרִיבְכֶם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לַיהֹוָה בְּשָׁבֻעֹתֵיכֶם מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כׇּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ׃
רש"י
- וביום הבכורים. חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת קָרוּי בִּכּוּרֵי קְצִיר חִטִּים עַל שֵׁם שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, שֶׁהֵם רִאשׁוֹנִים לְמִנְחַת חִטִּים הַבָּאִים מִן הֶחָדָשׁ (מנחות פ"ד):
in addition to bringing the constant (daily) burnt-offering and its meal- offering. [The sacrifices] shall be without blemish—and their libations.
Rashi’s Commentary
- [The sacrifices] shall be without blemish — and their libations. The libations must also be unblemished. The Rabbis derive from this that wine in which floury decay globules have surfaced is disqualified for libations.